{"id":8497,"date":"2025-11-18T05:54:25","date_gmt":"2025-11-18T05:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studysection.com\/blog\/?p=8497"},"modified":"2025-11-18T05:54:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-18T05:54:25","slug":"automating-otp-retrieval-for-testing-with-the-gmail-api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studysection.com\/blog\/automating-otp-retrieval-for-testing-with-the-gmail-api\/","title":{"rendered":"Automating OTP retrieval for testing with the Gmail API"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I had to encounter a situation where I needed to do <a href=\"https:\/\/studysection.com\/blog\/frameworks-used-in-automation-testing\/\">testing<\/a> or automate a task but there was multi-factor authentication in place and I needed an automated way to retrieve OTPs for internal testing reasons. This is how you can handle that situation using the Gmail API \u2014 which is free to use for standard accounts and integrates well with <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.webnersolutions.com\/unlocking-the-power-of-selenium-automation-with-java\/\">Selenium<\/a> test scripts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why use the Gmail API for automated testing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When you\u2019re writing end-to-end tests that involve accounts protected by OTPs, manually retrieving codes breaks automation. The Gmail API provides a programmatic, auditable way to read test emails so your automation can continue, provided you follow best practices: use test accounts or domain-delegated service accounts, use OAuth properly.<\/p>\n<p><strong>High-level approach<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Create dedicated test email accounts (or use a G Suite \/ Google Workspace test domain). Never use real users\u2019 accounts for automated OTP retrieval.<\/li>\n<li>Use OAuth2 or a service account with domain-wide delegation (for Workspace) to grant read access to the test inboxes \u2014 no password scraping, no bypassing MFA.<\/li>\n<li>Implement a small helper module that uses the Gmail API to search recent emails for the OTP message, parse the message body, extract the code, and return it to your test flow.<\/li>\n<li>Integrate with your Selenium tests so the test waits\/polls the helper for the OTP, then proceeds to enter it into the UI.<\/li>\n<li>Audit and rotate credentials regularly and restrict scopes to https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly only.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Setup Steps<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Enable Gmail API on Google Cloud Console.<\/li>\n<li>Download your OAuth credentials JSON (credentials.json).<\/li>\n<li>Place it in your project and define paths for:\n<ul>\n<li>CREDENTIALS_FILE \u2192 path to your OAuth client JSON<\/li>\n<li>TOKEN_FILE \u2192 token file (created automatically after first login)<\/li>\n<li>Install dependencies:pip install google-auth google-auth-oauthlib google-auth-httplib2 google-api-python-client beautifulsoup4 lxml<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Run the script once manually \u2014 a browser window will open for authorization. A token file will be created and reused later for automated runs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Key Idea<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The approach is simple:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use Gmail API (with OAuth) to read your own test inbox.<\/li>\n<li>Query the inbox for recent messages from a specific sender and subject.<\/li>\n<li>Extract the OTP using regex patterns.<\/li>\n<li>Return the OTP to your test framework (e.g., Selenium).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This ensures secure and auditable access \u2014 no \u201cbypassing\u201d MFA \u2014 and allows you to test login workflows end-to-end.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Full Working Python Script<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>import os\r\nimport re\r\nimport base64\r\nimport datetime\r\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\r\nfrom google.auth.transport.requests import Request\r\nfrom google.oauth2.credentials import Credentials\r\nfrom google_auth_oauthlib.flow import InstalledAppFlow\r\nfrom googleapiclient.discovery import build\r\n\r\n# Define constants\r\nSCOPES = ['https:\/\/www.googleapis.com\/auth\/gmail.readonly']\r\nCREDENTIALS_FILE = 'credentials.json'\r\nTOKEN_FILE = 'token.json'  # Created automatically after first OAuth run\r\n\r\n# Regex patterns for OTPs (adjust as needed)\r\nOTP_PATTERNS = [\r\n    r'\\b(\\d{6})\\b',            # six digits\r\n    r'\\b(\\d{4})\\b',            # four digits\r\n    r'\\b(\\d{5})\\b',            # five digits\r\n    r'code[:\\s]*([0-9]{4,8})', # \"code: 123456\"\r\n    r'one[-\\s]?time[-\\s]?password[:\\s]*([0-9]{4,8})',\r\n]<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong># Step 1: Authenticate and create Gmail API service<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>def get_gmail_service():\r\n    creds = None\r\n    if os.path.exists(TOKEN_FILE):\r\n        creds = Credentials.from_authorized_user_file(TOKEN_FILE, SCOPES)\r\n    if not creds or not creds.valid:\r\n        if creds and creds.expired and creds.refresh_token:\r\n            creds.refresh(Request())\r\n        else:\r\n            flow = InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(CREDENTIALS_FILE, SCOPES)\r\n            creds = flow.run_local_server(port=0)\r\n        with open(TOKEN_FILE, 'w') as token:\r\n            token.write(creds.to_json())\r\n    return build('gmail', 'v1', credentials=creds)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong># Step 2: Gmail query helpers<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>def search_messages(service, query, max_results=1):\r\n    response = service.users().messages().list(userId='me', q=query, maxResults=max_results).execute()\r\n    return response.get('messages', [])\r\n\r\ndef get_message(service, msg_id):\r\n    return service.users().messages().get(userId='me', id=msg_id, format='full').execute()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong># Step 3: Extract and decode email body<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>def extract_text_from_part(part):\r\n    data = part.get('body', {}).get('data')\r\n    if not data:\r\n        return ''\r\n    return base64.urlsafe_b64decode(data.encode('ASCII')).decode('utf-8', errors='ignore')\r\n\r\ndef get_message_body(msg):\r\n    payload = msg.get('payload', {})\r\n    mime_type = payload.get('mimeType', '')\r\n    if mime_type == 'text\/plain':\r\n        return extract_text_from_part(payload)\r\n    if mime_type == 'text\/html':\r\n        html = extract_text_from_part(payload)\r\n        return BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml').get_text(separator='\\n')\r\n    texts = []\r\n    for part in payload.get('parts', []):\r\n        ptype = part.get('mimeType', '')\r\n        if ptype == 'text\/plain':\r\n            texts.append(extract_text_from_part(part))\r\n        elif ptype == 'text\/html':\r\n            html = extract_text_from_part(part)\r\n            texts.append(BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml').get_text(separator='\\n'))\r\n    return '\\n'.join(texts)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong># Step 4: Regex-based OTP finder<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>def find_otp_in_text(text):\r\n    for pat in OTP_PATTERNS:\r\n        m = re.search(pat, text, re.IGNORECASE)\r\n        if m:\r\n            return m.group(1)\r\n    return None\r\n\r\ndef pretty_headers(headers):\r\n    return {h['name']: h['value'] for h in headers}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong># Step 5: Main OTP extractor<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code>def hs_otp():\r\n    service = get_gmail_service()\r\n    today_date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime(\"%Y\/%m\/%d\")\r\n\r\n    specific_sender = \"no-reply@xyz.com\"  # Replace with sender\r\n    specific_subject = \"Your OTP Code\"     # Replace with subject\r\n\r\n    query = f'from:{specific_sender} subject:\"{specific_subject}\" after:{today_date}'\r\n    msgs = search_messages(service, query)\r\n\r\n    if not msgs:\r\n        print(\"No emails found from today matching the query.\")\r\n        return\r\n\r\n    msg = get_message(service, msgs[0]['id'])\r\n    headers = pretty_headers(msg.get('payload', {}).get('headers', []))\r\n    body = get_message_body(msg)\r\n    otp = find_otp_in_text(body)\r\n\r\n    if otp:\r\n        print(f\"Extracted OTP: {otp}\")\r\n        return otp\r\n    else:\r\n        print(\"No OTP found in this email.\")\r\n        print(body[:500])\r\n        return None <\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Function Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Function<\/th>\n<th>Purpose<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>get_gmail_service()<\/td>\n<td>Authenticates via OAuth2 and returns a Gmail API client. Token is saved for reuse.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>search_messages()<\/td>\n<td>Queries inbox using Gmail search operators (from, subject, after, etc.).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>get_message()<\/td>\n<td>Fetches a full email by message ID.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>get_message_body()<\/td>\n<td>Decodes and extracts plain text or HTML content from an email.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>find_otp_in_text()<\/td>\n<td>Uses regex to locate OTP patterns (4\u20138 digits or \u201ccode: xxxx\u201d).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>hs_otp()<\/td>\n<td>End-to-end helper that searches recent messages, parses them, and prints or returns the OTP.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I had to encounter a situation where I needed to do testing or automate a task but there was multi-factor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8498,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Automating OTP retrieval for testing with the Gmail API<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Automate OTP retrieval for testing using the Gmail API. 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