{"id":8575,"date":"2026-03-05T11:47:53","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T11:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/studysection.com\/blog\/?p=8575"},"modified":"2026-03-05T11:47:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T11:47:53","slug":"streams-in-node-js-readable-writable-duplex-transform","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studysection.com\/blog\/streams-in-node-js-readable-writable-duplex-transform\/","title":{"rendered":"Streams in Node.js: Readable, Writable, Duplex, Transform"},"content":{"rendered":"

When working with Node.js, one of the most powerful features you\u2019ll come across is <\/span>streams<\/b>. They help you handle data in chunks instead of loading the entire data into memory at once. This makes them especially useful when working with large files, network requests<\/a>, or real-time applications<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

In this blog, we\u2019ll break down the four main types of streams in Node.js: <\/span>Readable, Writable, Duplex, and Transform<\/b>. Don\u2019t worry\u2014we\u2019ll also see examples to make it simple and clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

What are Streams in Node.js?<\/b><\/h2>\n

Streams are like pipelines. Instead of waiting for all the data to be available, you can start processing it as it comes in. Think of watching YouTube: you don\u2019t need to download the full video before watching. Data keeps flowing, and you can use it immediately\u2014that\u2019s how streams work.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Readable Streams<\/b><\/h2>\n

A <\/span>Readable stream<\/b> is used to read data. It produces data that can be consumed piece by piece.<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: Reading a File<\/b><\/h4>\n
\n

const fs = require(‘fs’);<\/p>\n

const readableStream = fs.createReadStream(‘example.txt’, { encoding: ‘utf8’ });<\/p>\n

readableStream.on(‘data’, (chunk) => {
\nconsole.log(‘New chunk received:’, chunk);
\n});<\/p>\n

readableStream.on(‘end’, () => {
\nconsole.log(‘No more data to read.’);
\n});<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Here, the file content is read in chunks, not all at once.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Writable Streams<\/b><\/h2>\n

A <\/span>Writable stream<\/b> is used to write data. Instead of writing everything in one go, you can write data gradually.<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: Writing into a File<\/b><\/h4>\n
\n

\u00a0<\/span>const<\/span> fs<\/span> = <\/span>require<\/span>(<\/span>‘fs’<\/span>);<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>const<\/span> writableStream<\/span> = <\/span>fs<\/span>.<\/span>createWriteStream<\/span>(<\/span>‘output.txt’<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>writableStream<\/span>.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>‘Hello, this is the first line.<\/span>\\n<\/span>‘<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>writableStream<\/span>.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>‘And this is the second line.<\/span>\\n<\/span>‘<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>writableStream<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>(() <\/span>=><\/span> {<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>‘Writing finished.’<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0});<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

This writes content into a file line by line.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Duplex Streams<\/b><\/h2>\n

A <\/span>Duplex stream<\/b> is both <\/span>Readable<\/b> and <\/span>Writable<\/b>. It can read and write data at the same time.<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: Using a Duplex Stream<\/b><\/h4>\n
\n

\u00a0<\/span>const<\/span> { <\/span>Duplex<\/span> } = <\/span>require<\/span>(<\/span>‘stream’<\/span>);<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>const<\/span> duplexStream<\/span> = <\/span>new<\/span> Duplex<\/span>({<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>size<\/span>) {<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>‘Hello from Read side!<\/span>\\n<\/span>‘<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>null<\/span>); <\/span>\/\/ No more data<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0},<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>chunk<\/span>, <\/span>encoding<\/span>, <\/span>callback<\/span>) {<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>‘Writing:’<\/span>, <\/span>chunk<\/span>.<\/span>toString<\/span>());<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>callback<\/span>();<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0});<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>duplexStream<\/span>.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>‘data’<\/span>, (<\/span>chunk<\/span>) <\/span>=><\/span> {<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>‘Received:’<\/span>, <\/span>chunk<\/span>.<\/span>toString<\/span>());<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0});<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>duplexStream<\/span>.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>‘Message to Duplex Stream’<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>duplexStream<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>();<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Here, the same stream can <\/span>output data<\/b> and also <\/span>accept data<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Transform Streams<\/b><\/h2>\n

A <\/span>Transform stream<\/b> is a specialized form of Duplex stream.. It can modify the data while reading and writing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Example: Converting Text to Uppercase<\/b><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span>
\n\u00a0<\/span>const<\/span> { <\/span>Transform<\/span> } = <\/span>require<\/span>(<\/span>‘stream’<\/span>);<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>const<\/span> transformStream<\/span> = <\/span>new<\/span> Transform<\/span>({<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>transform<\/span>(<\/span>chunk<\/span>, <\/span>encoding<\/span>, <\/span>callback<\/span>) {<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>const<\/span> upperCase<\/span> = <\/span>chunk<\/span>.<\/span>toString<\/span>().<\/span>toUpperCase<\/span>();<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>upperCase<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>callback<\/span>();<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0}<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0});<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>process<\/span>.<\/span>stdin<\/span>.<\/span>pipe<\/span>(<\/span>transformStream<\/span>).<\/span>pipe<\/span>(<\/span>process<\/span>.<\/span>stdout<\/span>);<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

In this example, when you type something in the terminal, it will be converted to uppercase before being shown.<\/span><\/p>\n

Benefit of Streams:<\/b><\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Memory efficient<\/b>: Data is processed in chunks, not fully loaded.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Faster<\/b>: Start using data as soon as it arrives.<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Best for large data<\/b>: File reading, video streaming, logs, etc.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Summary:\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Streams in Node.js are like water pipes\u2014you don\u2019t wait for the whole tank to fill before using water. You use it while it\u2019s flowing.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Use <\/span>Readable<\/b> to get data.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Use <\/span>Writable<\/b> to send data.<\/span><\/li>\n
    • Use <\/span>Duplex<\/b> for both.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Use <\/span>Transform<\/b> to modify data on the fly.<\/span>
      \n<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      When working with Node.js, one of the most powerful features you\u2019ll come across is streams. They help you handle data<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nStreams in Node.js: Readable, Writable, Duplex, Transform<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master Node.js streams! 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