Selenium is a suite of software that lets you perform automation testing on the UI. To execute different test scenarios, we have different frameworks. In simple terms, a framework includes fragmenting the code into smaller bits that test specific functionality that leads to maintenance and readability of the code fine and effortless. The organization of the code is in such a way that the test data is provided from an external source, for instance, a JSON file or a.CSV file.
Framework Advantages:
- Code reusability
- Code readability
- Higher portability
- Low code maintenance
Common frameworks used nowadays:
- Data Driven Framework
- Keyword Driven Framework
- Hybrid Framework
Explanation in detail:
- Data Driven Framework: This framework uses the approach of splitting the test data from the actual test case, dependent completely on the input test data. The test data is imported from external sources like JSON files, spreadsheets, or nowadays completely from the database. It is advantageous since the test case is fully independent of the input data so test cases could be modified according to functionality without any change in the code.
Also, the tester has full control over the quantity and quality of test data to be tested i.e. how much data needs to be tested and what combination of test data should be imported to test data without touching the script (code).
For instance, if we want to test the functionality of a registration form then we could add the set of fields to the spreadsheet to be imported and just pass those to the code for automating that form on the browser in a separate Java class file. - Keyword Driven Framework: This framework uses the approach in which operations & instructions to be carried out are written individually from the actual test cases. Along with the test data the operations to be performed are also carried out through external sources like excel sheets i.e. along with the parameters, methods are also written in external files. It is advantageous in way that the tester has full control over which functionality to test
For example, for logging into the web page, we can add as many methods in the main test case, in which each test case will test certain functionality.
In other words, the browser driver invoking could be one method, for locating the username & password fields there could be another method, for navigating to a web page there could be another method, etc. - Hybrid Frameworks: This framework is a combination of Data Driven Framework and Keyword Driven Framework. Test data is stored in separate excel files or property files within the project and keywords are stored in separate java class files as illustrated below:
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