Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science concerned with building machines, and smart machines that are capable of performing tasks that typically require human assistance and human intelligence.
In short Artificial Intelligence (AI), is the intelligence demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence demonstrated by us living beings.
A typical AI analyzes its environment and takes action that maximizes its chance of success. An AI’s intended goal can be simple or complex, simply means “1 if AI wins a game, 0 if otherwise” and complex means “Perform actions mathematically similar to ones that succeeded in past”.
Some AI systems, such as nearest-neighbour, instead of reason by analogy, these systems are not generally given goals.
AI often revolves around the use of algorithms. An algorithm is a set of unambiguous instructions that a mechanical computer can execute. A complex algorithm is often built on top of other, simple algorithms.
Example of Artificial Intelligence:
- Smart Assistants (like Siri)
- Manufacturing robots.
- Optimized, personalized healthcare treatment recommendations.
- Robo-advisors for stock trading.
- Song or TV show recommendations from Spotify and Netflix.
Artificial intelligence generally falls under two broad categories:
- Narrow AI: This kind of AI operates within a limited context and is a simulation of human intelligence. Narrow AI is often focused on performing a single task extremely well and while these machines may seem intelligent, they are operating under far more constraints and limitations than even the most basic human intelligence.
- Artificial General Intelligence(AGI): AGI is the kind of artificial intelligence we see in the movies. AGI is a machine with general intelligence and, much like a human being, it can apply that intelligence to solve any problem.
RISKS OF NARROW AI:
Widespread use of artificial intelligence could have unintended consequences that are dangerous. Scientists from the Future of Life Institute, among others, described some short-term researches goals to see how AI influences the economy, the laws, and ethics that are involved with AI, and how to minimize AI security risks.
RISKS OF GENERAL AI:
Physicist Stephen Hawking, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, and SpaceX founder Elon Musk have expressed concerns about the possibility that AI could evolve to the point that humans could not control it.
Reasoning, problem-solving:
Early researchers developed algorithms that imitated step-by-step reasoning that humans use when they solve puzzles or make logical deductions.
AI research had developed methods for dealing with uncertain or incomplete information, employing concepts from probability and economics.
These algorithms proved to be insufficient for solving large reasoning problems because they experienced a “combinatorial explosion”: they became exponentially slower as the problems grew larger.
APPLICATIONS:
AI is relevant to any intellectual task. Modern artificial intelligence techniques are common and are too numerous to list here. Frequently, when a technique reaches mainstream use, it is no longer considered artificial intelligence, this phenomenon is described as the AI effect.
High-profile examples of AI include autonomous vehicles such as self-driving cars, medical diagnosis, creating art, proving mathematical theorems, image recognition in photographs, targeting online advertisements, and energy storage.
AI can also produce Deepfakes, content-altering technology. ZDNet reports, “It presents something that did not actually occur”, though 88% of Americans believe Deepfakes can cause more harm than good, only 47% of them believe they can be targeted.
The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race. Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it will take off on its own and redesign itself at an ever-increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete and would be superseded.
—Stephen Hawking
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